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Europe PMC · 2026
[THE MEDICAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH OF INDIGENOUS SMALLER PEOPLES OF THE SOUTH OF THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA].
Sukhoveeva AB.
The transformation of social political system in the late 19th and early 20th centuries significantly deteriorated quality of life of indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East, lowering income levels and health indicators and marginalizing population. The indigenous smaller peoples are extremely vulnerable group of ethnic minorities in medical demographic terms. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern medical demographic situation and indicators characterizing health level of the Udege and the Nanai people residing village of Krasny Yar of the Pozharsky municipality of Primorsky Krai to take effective measures improving current medical demographic situation. The statistical and mathematical methods were applied in the study. In June 2025, sociological survey was carried out to identify self-assessments of quality of life of the population of village of Krasny Yar that included questions about nutrition quality. It is concluded that causes of deterioration of health of indigenous peoples of the Pozharsky municipality depend on medical biological and social economic factors. The main medical biological determinants include genetic ones determining characteristics of body functioning. The social economic factors include low level of living as a result of absence of work, change in ethnic identity under influence of mixed marriages, miscegenation, inaccessibility of highly qualified medical care. It is demonstrated that low income level of families is the main cause of poor nutrition. The active integration and assimilation processes, primarily related to alien population (Russians) resulted in destruction of traditional way of life and deterioration of health that affected decreasing of natality.
Europe PMC · 2026
Bridging Voices Through Food: Sub-Saharan African Young People's Perspectives of Food and Nutrition Policy in Victoria, Australia.
Muse K, Issaka A, Jeyapalan D, Miranda N, Kapeke K, Backholer K, Nunez V, Schultz S, Jongebloed H, Anidi C, Zorbas C.
Objectives Marginalised and non-white voices are under-represented in food and nutrition policy in Australia. To achieve equitable food systems that support healthy diets for all, the voices and lived experiences of people from diverse cultural backgrounds must be meaningfully included in decision-making. This research aimed to understand Sub-Saharan African (SSA) young people's experiences of food and nutrition and identify opportunities for culturally sensitive policies that can improve these experiences in Victoria, Australia. Design A qualitative approach, grounded in critical theory, experience-based co-design and the Social and Emotional Wellbeing framework, was employed to attain a policy-relevant understanding of SSA young people's perspectives and engagement with food and nutrition in Australia. In-depth interview guides were co-designed with an advisory committee of multicultural young people, including two young SSA Australians. Results Twenty young people (15-25 years) with East and West African backgrounds were interviewed, mostly from metropolitan Victoria (75%). Four overarching themes were identified describing (i) young people's experiences of cultural food shaping their identity but being difficult to access due to systemic barriers, (ii) food affordability and economic opportunities influencing community wellbeing, (iii) the mixed relevance of dominant food and nutrition policy priorities and (iv) the need for stronger government prioritisation of migrants and equity. Conclusion This research identifies food as a critical determinant of health and wellbeing among SSA youth, serving not only as a cultural factor but also as a pathway for economic and social advancement. Mainstream food and nutrition policies do not fully address the priorities of SSA youth and opportunities exist to develop more culturally sensitive policy options. Additional efforts are required from the public health community to address discrimination across food systems, starting with better inclusion of multicultural experiences and voices in research, policy and practice.
Europe PMC · 2026
Primary School Children's Views and Habits Around School Lunches.
Nanayakkara J, Booth AO, Margerison C, Worsley A, Aydin G.
Issue addressed Australia does not have a school-provided lunch program. Recent research has explored various groups' opinions on having such a program; however, children's perceptions have been under-explored. This study explored the current practises and perceptions of primary school children in Victoria, Australia, regarding school lunches. Methods An online survey conducted between late 2022 and mid-2024 gathered grades 4-6 children's opinions regarding school lunches. Results Most children (84%, of total n = 138) reported bringing a packed lunch from home every day to school. Most children agreed that they like to have quick-to-eat food (84%) and warm or freshly cooked food (72%) for school lunch and have food warming and cooling facilities in school (61%). Slightly over half of children (52%) agreed that the time allocated for eating is long enough to eat their lunch. The most enjoyable aspects of school lunchtime were: socialising with friends, eating food, and the chance to break from learning. Aspects of school lunchtime that children disliked were: not having enough time to eat food, food rules, the lack of variety in meals or running out of food to eat, and unpleasant social interactions. When asked about their willingness to have school-provided lunches, 47% chose 'yes', and 45% chose 'maybe'. Conclusions Among this sample of primary school children, home-packed lunches remain the main food source at school lunchtime. They indicated a desire for additional lunchtime facilities and showed a willingness to have school-provided lunches. SO WHAT?: Greater consideration of children's perspectives could support policymakers and health promoters in identifying and developing targeted strategies to improve primary school lunches and the food environment.
Europe PMC · 2026
Patients Undergoing Shoulder Surgery Demonstrate High Interest in Perioperative Nutrition but Limited Confidence in Implementation.
Spring JD, Thomas TL, Rizk AA, Fiandeiro ML, Kobayashi EF, Lazarus MD, Getz CL, Davis DE, Denard PJ, Namdari S.
Introduction Proper nutrition is a well-established variable in recovery from orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore patient perception of preoperative nutrition before elective shoulder surgery. We hypothesized that patients have a positive attitude toward preoperative nutrition, with interest in receiving nutritional guidance from their healthcare provider. Methods A prospective survey study of 100 patients scheduled for elective shoulder surgery was conducted. All surveys were completed in the preoperative period, with questions designed to evaluate a patient's knowledge and perceptions regarding nutrition, as it relates to their recovery. Survey questions assessed (1) how patients perceive their personal daily nutrition, (2) the importance of quality nutrition with respect to postoperative recovery, and (3) their ability to self-implement nutrition strategies and/or those provided to them. Results The majority of surveyed patients (n = 80; 80%) agreed that nutrition is an important part of recovering from orthopaedic shoulder surgery, with most patients (n = 77; 77%) supporting the idea that a formal preoperative nutrition plan would help contribute to postoperative recovery. However, only 40 patients (40%) believed that they understood which foods to eat, 28 (28%) believed that they knew which supplements to take, and 46 (46%) planned to take supplements without instruction. Family support was found to be associated with patient confidence in (P = 0.003) and adherence to (P = 0.023) a preoperative nutrition plan. Conclusion This study found that there is a clear disconnect between patient perspectives and practical knowledge when it comes to perioperative nutrition before shoulder surgery. Nevertheless, most patients display a positive attitude toward following a nutrition plan if provided by a healthcare provider, and if family support is present. These data indicate the need for established perioperative nutrition plans to aid in effectively optimizing patient nutrition before elective shoulder surgery.
Europe PMC · 2026
Addressing malnutrition in acute care through an innovative model: PEAR (patients eating and recovering).
Pillay I, Choy TMT, Leung JC, Naranjo EN.
BackgroundMalnutrition affects nearly half of patients in Canadian hospitals and is associated with increased complications, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality. Audits at an urban acute care hospital identified gaps in nutrition screening, oral intake monitoring, weight surveillance, and interdisciplinary coordination, highlighting the need for a structured, patient-centred nutrition care model.AimTo evaluate the patients eating and recovering (PEAR) model by assessing improvements in nutrition screening, oral intake monitoring, and weight surveillance; evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of delegating supportive nutrition care tasks to dietitian assistants (DAs); and determining its impact on interdisciplinary collaboration and staff satisfaction.MethodsAn interdisciplinary team, including patient partners, developed PEAR to clarify roles, improve workflows, and integrate a DA into nutrition care. The DA collaborated with nurses and allied health staff to conduct nutrition screening, monitor oral intake and weight, and support mealtime care, including tray setup, food preferences, dental care, and positioning. A descriptive pre- and post-implementation evaluation examined changes in nutrition care processes, workflow feasibility, and staff perceptions.SummaryPEAR improved nutrition care processes. Nutrition screening increased from 9% to 49%, while monitoring of oral intake and weight became more consistent. The DA played a key role in identifying patients at risk of malnutrition and supporting reliable nutrition tracking. Staff reported clearer workflows, stronger interdisciplinary collaboration, and reduced workload pressures. PEAR also reduced food waste by 7.47 kg between pre- and post-implementation measurement days, demonstrating environmental and financial benefits while strengthening interdisciplinary nutrition care in an acute elderly care unit.
Europe PMC · 2026
Parenteral Nutrition Provision Knowledge and Associated Factors Among Nurses in (Amhara Region) Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Eshetie Y, Kassaw G, Kefale D.
Background Parenteral nutrition provides vital nutrients and serves as a lifesaving therapy for individuals unable to utilize their gastrointestinal tract. Inadequate provision contributes to undernutrition, increased co-morbidity, poor wound healing and prolonged hospital stays. Despite its importance, there is limited research examining how nurses' knowledge, adherence to guidelines, monitoring and patient-centred practices influence the safe administration of parenteral nutrition and its impact on patient outcomes. Aim The aim was to assess nurses' parenteral nutrition provision knowledge and associated factors in two teaching hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia. Study design An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used and the study was conducted from April 15 to May 30, 2023. The data were collected by trained data collectors. Simple random sampling was used to select the study participants, and a structured self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entered into Epi-data 4.2 and exported to Stata Version 17. The knowledge of nurses was assessed by knowledge-related questions and a nurse who scored ≥ 50% of the total knowledge-related questions considered having adequate knowledge. Logistic regression model was used to identify association of variables. p value ≤ 0.05 and 95% confidence interval were considered to declare statistically significant factors. Results A total of 390 nurses participated, and 73.6% (95% CI: 68.9-77.9) of nurses had adequate knowledge. Training, internet access, presence of guidelines/protocol, graduating university and educational level were significantly associated factors. Training (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.73, p value = 0.03), internet access (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.36, 1.02, p value = 0.05), graduating from a governmental institution (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.30, 3.22, p value = 0.02), availability of guidelines (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.92, p value = 0.03) and educational background (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.67, p value = 0.04) were significantly associated with adequate knowledge. Conclusion The study revealed that the majority of nurses had an adequate level of knowledge towards parenteral nutrition provision. Training about parenteral nutrition, availability of guidelines on parenteral nutrition, access to internet in units, educational background and graduating college were the positive predictors for good knowledge of nurses about parenteral nutrition. The findings underscore the importance of continued education and implementation of standardized nutritional guidelines to insure optimal patient care, particularly for patients with compromised nutritional intake. Relevance to clinical practice Strengthening nurse knowledge through training, internet access and clear clinical guidelines can enhance patient care and improve outcomes.
Europe PMC · 2026
Malnutrition, protein-energy wasting, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in hemodialysis patients.
de Geus M, den Boeft A, Dam M, Boersen E, van Egmond-de Mik A, Schoufour J, Weijs P, Kruizenga H, Tieland M, Ipema K, Visser W.
Objective Nutrition disorders and nutrition related conditions contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, and poor quality of life in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study investigates the prevalence and overlap between these conditions in HD patients. Methods This cross-sectional multicenter study included adult HD patients from the Netherlands. Body composition was assessed using single-frequency bioimpedance analysis (SF-BIA), multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (MF-BIA), or bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). Muscle strength was estimated by handgrip strength. Nutrition disorders and nutrition related conditions were assessed using: Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), Protein-Energy Wasting (PEW), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Patient-Generated SGA (PG-SGA), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and the Sarcopenic Obesity Global Leadership Initiative (SOGLI) consensus. Overlap was identified using VENN diagrams. Results Of the 128 HD patients included, 59% were classified as malnourished based on GLIM criteria, with reduced muscle mass being the most prevalent phenotypic indicator (83%). PEW was present in 38%, sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 in 23%, and sarcopenic obesity per SOGLI in 5%. Moderate-to-severe malnutrition was present in 47% of patients using the SGA (n = 89) and in 98% using PG-SGA (n = 39). GLIM showed the greatest overlap with other frameworks. Conclusion This study reveals a high prevalence of malnutrition, PEW, and sarcopenia among HD patients. These results highlight the need for muscle-oriented screening and provide novel insight into the coexistence of nutrition disorders and nutrition related conditions in this population. Given the overlap with other frameworks, GLIM appears to be a promising approach for diagnosing malnutrition in HD patients.
Europe PMC · 2026
Competitive level is associated with dietary practices but not sports nutrition knowledge in collegiate athletes: associations with body composition profiles.
Osama M, Bakr M, Al Sayed M.
Background Sports nutrition knowledge may influence athletes' dietary practices, but its relationship with dietary intake and body composition remains unclear, particularly across different competitive levels. This study examined the associations among sports nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, and body composition and compared these variables between amateur and elite collegiate athletes. Methods This cross-sectional study included 100 male collegiate athletes (60 amateur and 40 elite). Sports nutrition knowledge was assessed using an adapted Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SNKQ) developed for this study based on the conceptual framework of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ). Dietary intake was evaluated using three-day food records, and body composition was measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Between-group differences were analyzed using independent-samples t-tests with 95% confidence intervals and Cohen's d. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations and identify predictors of body composition. Results Elite athletes consumed significantly more energy, protein, and carbohydrates and reported higher meal frequency and daily fluid intake than amateur athletes (all p Conclusions Competitive level was associated with healthier dietary practices but not with sports nutrition knowledge among collegiate athletes. Dietary intake, particularly protein intake, was more strongly associated with body composition than nutrition knowledge. These findings suggest that improving dietary behaviors may have greater practical value than increasing nutrition knowledge alone. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to confirm these relationships.
