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Mac OS X Server 1.0
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| Mac OS X Server 1.0 | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Mac OS X Server 1.0, showing the Workspace Manager | |
| Developer | Apple Computer |
| OS family | Unix-like |
| Working state | No longer supported |
| Source model | Closed-source |
| Latest release | 1.2v3 / October 27, 2000 |
| Supported platforms | PowerPC |
| Kernel type | Hybrid (XNU) (mostly monolithic) |
| Default user interface | Workspace Manager |
| Preceded by | Rhapsody |
| Succeeded by | Mac OS X Server 10.0 Mac OS X Public Beta |
| Official website | Mac OS X Server 1.0 at the Wayback Machine (archived December 19, 2022) |
| Part of a series on |
| macOS |
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Mac OS X Server 1.0 is an operating system developed by Apple Computer. Released on March 16, 1999, it was Apple's first commercially released operating system derived from NeXTSTEP following its acquisition of NeXT in 1997, and preceded the release of the consumer version of Mac OS X by two years. It was marketed as an integrated server operating system and included Apple File Services, Macintosh Manager, the Apache HTTP Server, WebObjects, NetBoot, and QuickTime Streaming Server.
Mac OS X Server 1.0 was based on Rhapsody, Apple's NeXTSTEP-based operating system that was intended to replace the classic Mac OS. It combined elements of Apple's Platinum appearance with the NeXTSTEP interface. It supported applications written for the OpenStep APIs ("Yellow Box") and existing Mac OS applications running within an emulated Mac OS 8 environment ("Blue Box").
Mac OS X Server 1.0 was succeeded by Mac OS X Server 10.0 in May 2001.[1]
Development
After Apple's 1996 acquisition of NeXT, the company announced an effort to eventually replace the classic Mac OS with a product based on NeXTSTEP.[2][3][4] Rhapsody was presented for the first time at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in May 1997, which was a variant of NeXTSTEP with a Mac OS-styled interface skin and ports of technologies such as AppleScript and QuickTime. Rhapsody supported the OpenStep APIs, branded as the "Yellow Box", and allowed Mac OS to run in an emulated environment known as the "Blue Box".[5][6] However, Rhapsody proved to be unpopular among third-party developers (including, in particular, Adobe Systems), who took issue with Apple's plans for the Yellow Box to be the only API for native applications on Rhapsody, and requiring legacy software to either be rewritten for Rhapsody or run in the Blue Box environment.[7][6]
Amid the criticism, Apple shelved the plan for Rhapsody to be the next version of Mac OS; in October 1997, interim CEO Steve Jobs stated that it would adopt a strategy of consumer- and enterprise-specific operating systems similar to Microsoft Windows and Windows NT, with Rhapsody repurposed as a server operating system targeting enterprise markets, and being followed by a new consumer-oriented version of Mac OS. At WWDC 1998, Mac OS X was announced for a release in late-1999 following Rhapsody, with plans for a new API ("Carbon") intended to allow existing Mac OS software to be easily ported to OS X with minimal changes.[8][9]
Release
During Macworld Expo in January 1999, Apple officially unveiled the Rhapsody-based Mac OS X Server 1.0. Steve Jobs demonstrated the OS using the newly-unveiled blue and white Power Mac G3, including running an iMac as a diskless workstation using NetBoot, and demonstrating the QuickTime Streaming Server by streaming videos over a network to 50 iMacs. Mac OS X Server 1.0 was initially to be priced at US$995 (equivalent to $1,920 in 2025), and also made available on a server-oriented configuration of the Power Mac G3.[10] However, ahead of the March 16, 1999 release, the price was lowered to US$499 (equivalent to $960 in 2025).[11][12]
The OS was updated several times, with the final release of version 1.2 v3 coming on October 27, 2000.[13][14]
Features
Mac OS X Server 1.0 is largely based on Rhapsody, which itself is based on NeXTSTEP and its Mach kernel. It bundles multiple server applications, including a file server, the Apache HTTP Server and WebObjects, NetBoot, and QuickTime Streaming Server.[10][11][12][15]
Its user interface is a modification of the Display PostScript-based architecture and Workspace Manager shell used by NeXTSTEP, although reskinned to resemble the Mac OS 8 "Platinum" design. As with Rhapsody, it only supports applications written for the OpenStep-based "Yellow Box" APIs, or running within the "Blue Box" emulation environment (the "Mac OS" app).[11][15]
Reception
Although marketed as a large advancement over AppleShare IP, it cost $499 and did not support Apple's own FireWire, making it incompatible with products like MicroNet's SANcube, a line of external high-speed high-capacity storage systems (debuting in the year 2000 for $4599 to $6999).[16][17] Buyers of Mac OS X Server 1.0 (who often purchased new Macs to run it) and the SANcube were forced to downgrade to AppleShare IP in order to use it. Mac OS X Server 1.0 was quickly orphaned, in favor of Mac OS X 10.0, with no discount for those who purchased it and wished to purchase Mac OS X Server 10.0. The result is that some considered the release premature and even a bait and switch.[citation needed]
Release history
| Version | Code name | Released | OS name | Darwin version |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | Hera1O9 | March 16, 1999 | Rhapsody 5.3 | 0.1 |
| 1.0.1 | April 15, 1999 | Rhapsody 5.4 | 0.2 | |
| 1.0.2 | Hera1O9+Loki2G1 | July 29, 1999 | Rhapsody 5.5 | 0.3 |
| 1.2 | Pele1Q10 | January 14, 2000 | Rhapsody 5.6 | 0.3 |
| 1.2 v3 | Medusa1E3 | October 27, 2000 | Rhapsody 5.6 | 0.3 |
Timeline
| Timeline of Mac operating systems |
|---|
 |
See also
References
- ↑ Smith, Tony (9 March 2001). "Apple event to sell MacOS X midnight 23/24 March". The Register. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ↑ Reisinger, Don (December 20, 2016). "Steve Jobs Sold NeXT to Apple 20 Years Ago". Fortune. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
- ↑ Bowman, Lisa M. (January 6, 2000). "Jobs becomes permanent Apple CEO". ZDNET. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ↑ Picarille, Lisa (January 27, 1997). "Gassee's Be isn't passe". Computerworld. Vol. 31, no. 4. p. 32.
- ↑ Hansen, Hsu (2016-03-15). "The Deep History of Your Apps: Steve Jobs, NeXTSTEP, and Early Object-Oriented Programming". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- 1 2 "Apple Tries to Woo Developers As a Crucial Conference Starts". WSJ. May 13, 1997. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-05.
- ↑ Siracusa, John (2008-04-03). "Rhapsody and blues". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved 2023-02-05.
- ↑ Carlton, Jim (October 3, 1997). "Apple to Gradually Roll Out Rhapsody; No Quick Transition". WSJ. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-05.
- ↑ Carlton, Jim (1998-05-12). "Apple Kills Its Plan to Use Rhapsody As New Macintosh Operating System". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-05.
- 1 2 "Apple Introduces OS X Server". Macworld. Retrieved 2026-05-02.
- 1 2 3 "Apple opens parts of its OS". CNET. Retrieved 2026-05-03.
- 1 2 "OS X Through the Ages". Macworld. Retrieved 2026-05-02.
- ↑ "Rhapsody Media – Identifying what media you have". Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ↑ "Rhapsody Timeline". Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- 1 2 Singh, Amit (2006-06-19). Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach. Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN 978-0-13-270226-3.
- ↑ Komiega, Kevin (24 July 2000). "MicroNet's SANcube gets a capacity boost". SearchStorage. TechTarget. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ↑ "MicroNet debuts 600 GB SANcube". MacWorld. IDG. 7 July 2001. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
External links
- Mac OS X Server 1.0 to 1.2: System Requirements
- Mac OS X Server 1.2 – What's new? By: Scott AnguishArchived 2020-05-30 at the Wayback Machine
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