The Talpur dynasty was a Baloch dynasty that adopted Shia Islam as its official religion stablished by Mir Fateh Ali Khan in 1783, after he overthrew the Kalhora dynasty in the Battle of Halani following the execution of the Talpur leader Mir Bahram Khan and his son Mir Sobdar Khan ordered by Mian Sarfaraz Kalhora. Under Talpur rule, Sindh was divided into several semi-autonomous states including Hyderabad, Khairpur, Mirpur Khas, and Tando Muhammad Khan, and the dynasty governed through a system of divided authority among different branches of the family. The Talpur period marked an important phase in Sindh’s architectural history, during which Kot Diji Fort and Faiz Mahal were constructed, and the historical Ranikot Fort also known as the Great Wall of Sindh was reconstructed.