Penistone is a market town and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England, which had a population of 13,270 at the 2021 census. Historically in the ancient Wapentake of Staincross and the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is 7 miles (11 km) west of central Barnsley, 17 miles (27 km) north-east of Glossop, 15 miles (24 km) north-west of Sheffield, 27 miles (43 km) south-west of Leeds and 29 miles (47 km) east of Manchester in the foothills of the Pennines. The town is frequently noted on lists of unusual place names.