MuJoCo, short for Multi-Joint dynamics with Contact, is a general purpose physics engine that is tailored to scientific use cases such as robotics, biomechanics and machine learning. It was first developed in the Movement Control Laboratory at the University of Washington and described in 2012 in a paper by Emanuel Todorov, Tom Erez, and Yuval Tassa. It was later commercialized under Roboti LLC. According to a Google Scholar search, as of April 2024 the original publication has been cited 5329 times, and the MuJoCo engine 9250 times. It was described by Zhao and Queralta in their review as one of "the most widely used simulators in the literature".