Keith C. Cheng is an American pathologist and geneticist. He is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Department of Molecular and Precision Medicine at the Penn State College of Medicine in Hershey, Pennsylvania. His laboratory led the 2005 study that identified the gene SLC24A5 as a major determinant of light skin pigmentation in Europeans, using the golden mutant of the zebrafish as a model. He was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2020.