Colonel James Gadsden was a United States Army officer, diplomat, and businessman after whom the Gadsden Purchase is named, pertaining to land which the United States bought from Mexico, and which became the southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico. James Gadsden served as Adjutant General of the U.S. Army from August 13, 1821 to March 22, 1822. Between 1853 and 1856, he served as the U.S. Minister to Mexico. He was known commonly as General Gadsden, although he never had a rank above colonel.