Estemmenosuchus is an extinct genus of large herbivorous dinocephalian therapsid. It lived during the Middle Permian around 267 million years ago. The two species, E. uralensis and E. mirabilis, are characterised by distinctive horn-like structures, which were probably used for intra-specific display and/or combat. Both species of Estemmenosuchus are from the Perm region of Russia. It is currently the only recognised genus in the family Estemmenosuchidae. Two other estemmenosuchids, Anoplosuchus and Zopherosuchus, are now considered females of the species E. uralensis. There were many complete and incomplete skeletons found together.