Errico Gaetano Maria Pasquale Malatesta was an Italian anarchist, theorist and revolutionary socialist. He edited several radical newspapers and spent much of his life exiled and imprisoned, having been jailed and expelled from Italy, Britain, France, and Switzerland. Originally a supporter of insurrectionary propaganda of the deed, Malatesta later advocated for syndicalism. His exiles included five years in Europe and 12 years in Argentina. Throughout his life, Malatesta participated in various insurrections, including an 1895 Spanish revolt and a Belgian general strike. He toured the United States, giving lectures and founding the influential anarchist journal La Questione Sociale. After World War I, he returned to Italy where his newspaper Umanità Nova garnered some popularity before its closure following the rise of Mussolini.