Crypto-anarchy or crypto-anarchism is a current movement of anarchism focusing on the protection of privacy, political freedom, counter-surveillance, hacktivism and economic freedom. The adherents of this philosophy use cryptographic software for confidentiality and security while sending and receiving information over computer networks. In his 1988 "Crypto Anarchist Manifesto", Timothy C. May introduced the basic principles of crypto-anarchism, which include encrypted exchanges ensuring total anonymity, total freedom of speech, and total freedom to trade. In 1992, he read the text at the founding meeting of the cypherpunk movement.