Chlororespiration is a respiratory process that is thought to occur in plant chloroplasts, involving the electron transport chain (ETC) in the thylakoid membrane. It is thought to involve NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) and plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX/IMMUTANS), forming an ETC utilizing molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor. This process also interacts with the ETC in the mitochondrion where respiration takes place, as well as with photosynthesis. If photosynthesis is inhibited by environmental stressors like water deficiency, increased heat, and/or increased/decreased light exposure, or even chilling stress, then chlororespiration is one of the crucial ways that plants use to compensate for chemical energy synthesis.