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Bodhiruci
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Bodhiruci (Chinese: 菩提流支; pinyin: pú tí liú zhī) was a Buddhist monk from North India (6th century CE) active in the area of Luoyang, China.[1] He was appointed as master translator at Yongning (永寧寺) temple by emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei.[1] In his translations, Bodhiruci was assisted by the central Indian monk Ratnamati (勒那摩提).[1]
Bodhiruci translated various important texts including the Ten Stages Sutra (Chinese: 十地経論) and the commentary on this sutra by Vasubandhu (Shidi jing lun 十地經論). He translated the Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra as well as Vasubandhu's commentary titled Stanzas of the vow to be reborn [in the Pure Land] in the Sūtra [of the Buddha] Infinite Life (Wuliangshou jing youbotishe yuansheng jie 無量壽經優波提 舍願生偈). He also translated Sūtra of the descent to Laṅka (Ru lengqie jing 入楞伽經), and a Sūtra of Buddha names (Foming jing 佛名經).[1]
By the time of his death Bodhiruci had translated between 20 and 30 texts.[1]
Bodhiruci is regarded as the patriarch of the Dashabhumika (Chinese: 地論宗; pinyin: Dìlùn zōng) school, which used his Ten Stages Sutra and Vasubandhu's commentary as its chief object of study.[2]
Bodhiruci's disciple, Daochong (道寵), founded of the northern Dilun branch which focused on the practice of reciting the names of the Buddhas. Bodhiruci was also the master of Tanluan (曇鸞), one of the patriarchs of the Pure Land tradition.[1]
Translations
Numerous translations are attributed to Bodhiruci by the Chinese Buddhist catalogues. They include the following:[3]
Sūtras
- Vajracchedikā-prajñāpāramitā Sūtra — Jīngāng Bōrě Bōluómì Jīng (金剛般若波羅蜜經)
- Fómíng Jīng (佛名經)
- Sutra of the Questions of Maitreya — Mílè Púsà Suǒwèn Jīng (彌勒菩薩所問經)
- Sutra of the Questions of the Brahma Heaven by Viśeṣacintin — Shèng Sīwéi Fàntiān Suǒwèn Jīng (勝思惟梵天所問經)
- Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra — Shēnmì Jiětuō Jīng (深密解脫經)
- Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra — Rù Lèngqié Jīng (入楞伽經)
- Sutra of the Great Sage Kātyāyana — Dà Sàzhē Níqiánzǐ Suǒshuō Jīng (大薩遮尼乾子所說經)
- Dharmasaṃgīti Sūtra — Fǎjí Jīng (法集經)
- Amitabha Sutra — Ēmítuó Jīng (阿彌陀經)
- Contemplation Sutra — Guān Wúliàngshòu Jīng (觀無量壽經)
- Sutra of Neither Increase Nor Decrease — Bù Zēng Bù Jiǎn Jīng (不增不減經)
- Gayāśīrṣa Sūtra — Qiéyé Shāndǐng Jīng (伽耶山頂經)
- Sutra of the Questions of Mañjuśrī — Wénshūshīlì Xúnxíng Jīng (文殊師利巡行經)
- Sutra of the Prediction of Cāmā — Chāmópódì Shòujì Jīng (差摩婆帝授記經)
- Sutra of the King of Vast Equal Cultivation — Dàfāngděng Xiūduōluó Wáng Jīng (大方等修多羅王經)
- Sutra of the Gemless Treasury — Wúzì Bǎoqiè Jīng (無字寶篋經)
- Sutra of Slandering the Buddha — Bàng Fó Jīng (謗佛經)
- Buddha Speech Sutra — Fóyǔ Jīng (佛語經)
Treatises and Commentaries
- Vasubandhu's Discourse on the Pure Land — Jìngtǔ lùn (浄土論)
- Vasubandhu's Treatise on the Ten Stages Sutra (Daśabhūmikasūtra-śāstra) — Shídì Jīng Lùn (十地經論)
- Commentary on the Lotus Sutra — Miàofǎ Liánhuá Jīng Yōubōtíshě (妙法蓮華經憂波提舍)
- Commentary on the Ratnakūṭa Sūtra — Dà Bǎojī Jīng Lùn (大寶積經論)
- Commentary on the Sutra of Maitreya — Mílè Púsà Suǒwèn Jīng Lùn (彌勒菩薩所問經論)
- Commentary on the Diamond Sutra — Jīngāng Bōrě Bōluómì Jīng Lùn* (金剛般若波羅蜜經論)
- Vajrasattva's Treatise — Jīngāngxiān Lùn (金剛仙論)
- Treatise on the Hundred Syllables — Bǎi Zì Lùn (百字論)
- Treatise on the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination — Shíèr Yīnyuán Lùn (十二因緣論)
- Commentary on the *Viśeṣacintin* Sutra* — *Shèng Sīwéi Fàntiān Suǒwèn Jīng Lùn* (勝思惟梵天所問經論)
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sylvie Hureau. 'Bodhiruci' († ca. 534 et 537) : Moine bouddhiste indien, traducteur. Dictionnaire biographique du haut Moyen Âge chinois. Culture, politique et religion de la fin des Han à la veille des Tang (IIIe-VIe siècles), 2020, pp.52. hal-02502087
- ↑ "OVERVIEW Bodhiruci". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- ↑ "The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue". www.acmuller.net. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
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