Alexander Sutherland
Portrait of Sutherland, in c. 1890 – c. 1894, by Samuel Milbourn (Source: State Library of Victoria)
Born	(1852-03-26)26 March 1852 Glasgow, Scotland
Died	9 August 1902(1902-08-09) (aged 50) Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Occupations	Educator writer philosopher academic administrator
Spouse	Elizabeth Jane Ballantine ​ ​ (m. 1879)​
Children	6
Parents	George Sutherland (father) Jane Smith (mother)
Relatives	Jane Sutherland (sister) George Sutherland (brother) William Sutherland (brother) Margaret Ada Sutherland AO OBE (niece) Ruth Sutherland (niece)
Academic background
Education	University of Melbourne
Academic work
Institutions	Scotch College, Melbourne Carlton College Argus The Australasian University of Melbourne

Alexander Sutherland (26 March 1852 – 9 August 1902) was a Scottish-Australian educator, writer and philosopher.^[1][2]

Early life and background

Sutherland was born at Glasgow, both parents were Scottish, his father, George Sutherland, a carver of ship's figureheads, who was of ill health, and his mother was an engraver Jane Smith-Sutherland, a woman of character and education. His siblings include painter Jane Sutherland (1853–1928), author George Sutherland (1855–1905), and physicist William Sutherland (1859–1911). The family came to Sydney, in colonial Australia, in 1864 on account of George Sutherland's health, and Alexander, aged 14 years, became a pupil-teacher with the education department.^[1]

Career

Sutherland arrived in Melbourne, Victoria in 1870, he first taught at John Meeson's^[3] Hawthorn Grammar School, then entered on the arts course at the University of Melbourne where he was taught by William Hearn, was largely supported by scholarships, and graduated with honours in 1874. For two years he was a mathematics master at Scotch College, and in 1877 succeeded George Henry Neighbour^[4] as proprietor and principal of Carlton College.^[5] The school was so successful that 15 years later he was able to retire and devote himself to literature.^[6] He was responsible for the first volume of Victoria and its Metropolis (1888), a history of the first 50 years of the state of Victoria. In 1890 he published Thirty Short Poems, the cultured verse of an experienced literary man.

Upon Hearn's death in 1888, Sutherland purchased Heronswood, on the Mornington Peninsula, as his summer residence.^[7][8]

The Australian banking crisis of 1893 however, affected his financial position, and he was obliged to take up journalism for the Argus and The Australasian. But his The Origin and Growth of the Moral Instinct,^[9] appeared in 1898 in two volumes. Sutherland had long brooded over this work and was greatly pleased at receiving the commendation of some of the leaders of philosophic thought in England. Generally the book was well received both in Europe and the United States. With his brother, George Sutherland, he wrote a short History of Australia, selling 120,000 copies, and he collaborated with Henry Gyles Turner in a useful volume, The Development of Australian Literature (1898). His undoubted powers as a teacher gave value to his text book, A New Geography, and other works of that kind. He contributed on scientific subjects to the nineteenth century, and did a large amount of lecturing on literature and science in Melbourne.

Personal life and later achievements

Sutherland married Elizabeth Jane "Lizzie" Ballantine (1854 – 14 June 1939)^[10] in Hobart on 26 March 1879^[11] and lived at Dunrobin, 31 Alma Road, St Kilda, and later in Chaucer Crescent, Canterbury,^{[citation needed]} as well as Heronswood. They had six children, including a son who was killed in France in World War I.^[12]

The university was passing through a difficult time that impacted Sutherland's health. Professor Morris died on 1 January 1902 while on leave in Europe;^[13] and Sutherland took over his lectures on English literature. The burden of the extra work was too great for Sutherland who did not have a strong constitution, and he died suddenly on 9 August 1902. He was survived by his wife, a son, and three daughters. His estate sold Heronswood to Sutherland's close friend, jurist H. B. Higgins.^[7][8]

References

English Wikisource has original works by or about:

Alexander Sutherland

External links

• Works by Alexander Sutherland at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Alexander Sutherland at the Internet Archive
• Works by Alexander Sutherland at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)