Uttarakhand, is a state in northern India. It shares international borders with Tibet to the north and Nepal to the east, while the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh border it to the west and south, respectively. Formerly known as Uttaranchal, the state was established on 9 November 2000 after being separated from Uttar Pradesh. Uttarakhand has a total area of 53,483 km2 (20,650 sq mi), equal to 1.6 per cent of the total area of India. Dehradun is the winter capital, while Bhararisain serves as the summer capital. Nainital is the judicial capital of the state. Administratively, Uttarakhand is divided into the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions, comprising thirteen districts. The state is renowned for its high-altitude and rugged topography, with the Himalayas covering most of its area and serving as the source of several major perennial river systems.