Mykola Pavlovych Dyletsky, also Nikolai Pavlovich Diletsky, c. 1630–c. after 1680) was a choir director, music theorist, and composer born in the Kiev Voivodeship of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and active in the Tsardom of Russia. There is evidence he died in Moscow. Little information about his life is known. He was widely influential in late 17th-century Russia with his treatise on part song, A Musical Grammar, of which the earliest surviving version dates from 1677. Dyletsky's followers included the Russian composer Vasily Titov.