Modern girls were Japanese women who followed Westernized fashions and lifestyles in the aftermath of World War I. Moga were Japan's equivalent of the English-speaking world's flappers, Germany's neue Frauen, France's garçonnes, or China's modeng xiaojie. By viewing moga through a Japanese versus Western lens, the nationalist press could use the modern girl archetype to blame such failings as frivolity, sexual promiscuity, and selfishness on foreign influence.