James Ferguson Conant is an American philosopher at the University of Chicago who has written extensively on topics in philosophy of language, ethics, and metaphilosophy. He is the Chester D. Tripp Distinguished Service Professor of Humanities at the University of Chicago. He is perhaps best known for his writings on the history of German philosophy and the history of analytic philosophy. These two interests overlap in his work on Ludwig Wittgenstein. Earlier in his career, he was known for his association with the New Wittgenstein school of Wittgenstein interpretation initiated by Cora Diamond. He has also written on Immanuel Kant and the Kantian tradition in both German and analytic philosophy.