Hasbara is the public diplomacy of Israel. It includes mass communication, individual interaction with foreign nationals through social and traditional media, and cultural diplomacy. Organizations involved include the IDF Spokesperson's Unit, Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and pro-Israel civil society organizations. Zionist organizations historically referred to such efforts as propaganda. In the early twentieth century Nahum Sokolow introduced the term "hasbara", which literally means "explaining", into the Zionist vocabulary, while propaganda continued to be used alongside it. By the eve of World War II, official Zionist institutions began adopting "hasbara" in place of "propaganda" as the formal designation for these activities. Hasbara seeks to justify Israeli state actions and has been called reactive and event-driven.