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Right to an adequate standard of living

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The right to an adequate standard of living is listed as part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was accepted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948.^[1]

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

— Article 25.1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights^[1]

The right to an adequate standard of living can be linked to both article 1 and 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ^[1]

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"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights."
— Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights^[1]
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"Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality."
— Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights^[1]

Furthermore, it has been written down in article 11 of the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

The predecessor of this right, the Freedom from Want, is one of the Four Freedoms that American President Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke of at his State of the Union of January 6, 1941. According to Roosevelt it is a right every human being everywhere in the world should have. Roosevelt described the third right as follows:^[2]

Roosvelt, Franklin Delano (January 6, 1941) [http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrthefourfreedoms.htm ''The Four Freedoms''], American Rhetoric</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}'/>

The third is freedom from want which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants, everywhere in the world.

— President Franklin D. Roosevelt, January 6, 1941.^[3]

Economic perspectives

Economists, libertarians, and classical liberals have raised several objections to the concept of a right to an adequate standard of living, particularly when understood as imposing positive obligation on the state to provide resources or services.

Robert Nozick argued in Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974) that redistributive taxation to achieve patterned distributions of wealth (including guarantees of minimum living standards) violates individuals' entitlements to their justly acquired holdings. Under his entitlement theory of justice, once property has been acquired through just means and transferred voluntarily, any forced redistribution constitutes a violations of rights, akin to forced labor.^[4]

Critics further contend that positive rights of this kind conflict with traditional negative liberties (freedoms from interference). Enforcing a right to housing, food, or social services requires compelling some individuals to provide for others, thereby infringing on property rights and freedom of association.^[5] Friedrich Hayek warned that expansive welfare commitments tend to increase state power and central planning, eroding the rule of law and individual liberty.^[6]

References

1 2 3 4 5 United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights
↑ Alfreðsson, Guðmundur S.; Eide, Asbjørn (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Common Standard of Achievement. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 524. ISBN 90-411-1168-9.
↑ Roosvelt, Franklin Delano (January 6, 1941) The Four Freedoms, American Rhetoric
↑ Nozick, Robert (1974). Anarchy, state, and utopia. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00270-2.
↑ Berlin, Isaiah (1969). Four essays on liberty. Oxford paperbacks, 116. London, New York [etc.]: Oxford U.P. ISBN 978-0-19-281034-2.
↑ Hayek, Friedrich A. von; Caldwell, Bruce (2007), The collected works of F. A. Hayek. 2: The road to Serfdom: Text and Documents; the Definitive Edition / ed. by Bruce Caldwell (Repr. ed.), Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-32055-7

v t e Substantive human rights
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
Civil and political	Equality before the law Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention Freedom of assembly Freedom of association Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment Freedom from discrimination Freedom of information Freedom of movement Freedom of religion Freedom from slavery Freedom of speech Freedom of thought Freedom from torture LGBTQ rights (Transgender rights) Liberty Nationality Personhood Presumption of innocence Access to justice Right of asylum Right to die Right to a fair trial Right to counsel Right to family life Right to keep and bear arms Right to life Right to petition Right to privacy Right to protest Right to refuse medical treatment Right to resist Right of return Right of self-defense Right to truth Security of person Speedy trial Suffrage right to be a candidate Right to homeland
Economic, social and cultural	Digital rights Equal pay for equal work Fair remuneration Labor rights Right to an adequate standard of living Right to clothing Right to development Right to education Right to food Right to health Right to a healthy environment Right to housing Right to Internet access Right to property Right to public participation Right of reply Right to rest and leisure Right of return Right to science and culture Right to social security Right to water Right to work
Sexual and reproductive	Abortion Family planning Family rights Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation Freedom from forced circumcision Intersex human rights LGBTQ rights Sexual and reproductive health Transgender rights

A carregar…

Right to an adequate standard of living

Economic perspectives

See also

References