BETA ZEN
Compsemys
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| Compsemys Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | Pantestudines |
| Clade: | Testudinata |
| Clade: | †Paracryptodira |
| Family: | †Compsemydidae |
| Genus: | †Compsemys Leidy, 1856 |
| Type species | |
| †Compsemys. victa Osborn, 1905 | |
| Species | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Compsemys is an extinct genus of Compsemyid turtles that lived in North America and possibly Europe during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. The type species C. victa, first described by Joseph Leidy from the Hell Creek Formation in Montana in 1856,[1] but Jasinski et al. (2026) suggested most of specimens referred to C. victa actually represents indeterminate species of this genus. Meanwhile, C. puercensis and C. torrejonensis, both from the Paleocene Nacimiento Formation of the New Mexico. Another probable species C. russelli (originally placed in the separate genus Berruchelus), described in 2012, from Paleocene deposits in France., but Jasinski et el. (2026) suggested Berruchelus is distinct genus from the Compsemys.[2]
Description
Compsemys was a moderately sized turtle, up to 30 cm (12 in) long, with a carapace covered with raised, flattened tubercles, which are not seen in any other turtle. This allows even small shell fragments to be identified as Compsemys.[3] The skull resembles that of the alligator turtle, with a sharply hooked beak; Compsemys must have been an aquatic carnivore.[3] it was suggested that some materials assigned to this genus are from the Santonian Milk River Formation of the Alberta and the Turonian Straight Cliffs Formation of the Utah, but Jasinski et al. (2026) suggested these are too incomplete to confidently refer to this genus.[2] The morphology of the skull suggests that Compsemys was a hypercarnivorous snapping turtle.[4]
Classification
Its affinities have long been uncertain,[1] but it has recently been considered to be the most basal member of Paracryptodira, despite the clade first appearing in the Late Jurassic, and is sometimes included in its own family, Compsemydidae.[5][4] A revision in 2020 found Compsemydidae to be more expansive, also containing Riodevemys and Selenemys from the Late Jurassic of Europe, and Peltochelys from the Early Cretaceous of Europe.[6]
References
- 1 2 Laurie J. Bryant (1989). "Systematic Paleontology". Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana. Volume 134 of University of California publications in geological sciences. University of California Press. pp. 10–58. ISBN 978-0-520-09735-3.
- 1 2 Jasinski, Steven E.; Lichtig, Asher J.; Dalman, Sebastian G.; Lucas, Spencer G. (13 August 2026). "Re-Evaluation of Compsemys and North American Compsemydids (Testudinata)". Taxonomy. 6 (3): 48. doi:10.3390/taxonomy6030048.
- 1 2 Martin Jehle (April 1, 2006). "Turtles: Business as usual". Paleocene mammals of the world. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
- 1 2 Joyce, Walter G.; Anquetin, Jérémy (October 2019). "A Review of the Fossil Record of Nonbaenid Turtles of the Clade Paracryptodira". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 60 (2): 129–155. Bibcode:2019BPMNH..60..129J. doi:10.3374/014.060.0204. ISSN 0079-032X. S2CID 203780510.
- ↑ A. Pérez-García, R. Royo-Torres, and A. Cobos. 2015. A new European Late Jurassic pleurosternid (Testudines, Paracryptodira) and a new hypothesis of paracryptodiran phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13(4):351-369
- ↑ Joyce, Walter G.; Rollot, Yann (2020-05-14). "An alternative interpretation of Peltochelys duchastelii as a paracryptodire". Fossil Record. 23 (1): 83–93. Bibcode:2020FossR..23...83J. doi:10.5194/fr-23-83-2020. ISSN 2193-0066.
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