Some Christian churches, Christian groups, and ordinary Christians express antisemitism—as well as anti-Judaism—towards Jews and Judaism. These are examples of antisemitism by Christians or Christian communities. However, some scholars use the term "Christian antisemitism" to refer to anti-Jewish sentiments arising from Christian doctrinal or theological stances, a concept discussed by scholars such as Jules Isaac—especially in his book Jésus et Israël). The term is also used by some scholars to argue that certain forms of contempt for Jews and Judaism were historically embedded in aspects of Christian theology and practice, and as a result, the centralized institutions of Christian power, as well as governments with strong Christian influences, have generated societal structures that have survived and perpetuate antisemitism to the present. This usage particularly appears in discussions about Christian structures of power within society—structures referred to as Christian hegemony or Christian privilege; these discussions are part of broader discussions about structural inequality and power dynamics.